 高考阅读中的判断推理题.doc
高考阅读中的判断推理题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，这就是判断推理题。 做推理判断题时，最忌讳的是主观臆断，以偏概全，不能只注意表象，而要究其本质，要从文章本身的内容出发，认真分析词、句及段落间的逻辑关系，尤其要善于抓主题句，这样才能正确地解答阅读理解题。推断题一般包括两大类：（１）暗指题，即作者的言外之意，一般只能从字里行间获得信息；（２）推理题，必须从文段出发，以事实为依据，但得出的结论又绝对不是文章中所给出的事实本身。 推理题经常使用的提问方式有： 1.The author implies (suggested)that … 2.We can infer from the passage that… 3.It may be concluded from the passage that … 4.Which of the following statements does the passage support ? 5.According to the passage ,which of the following is true (false)? 6.With which of the following does the author agree ? 7.What does the passage say about …? 推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。一般判断题可归纳成以下几种： （一）细节推断题 在解答此类题时，我们首先应该在文章中找到问题涉及到的有关信息，找出关键词，在确定了推理依据的范围之后，仔细阅读，以便真正理解文意，然后进行推断。针对细节的推断有时候可能是某一句话的正确理解或释义，有时候可能是从某一句中推断出未知的事实。 例题１ Over the years ,insurance companies have offered new kinds of insurance protection .The new kinds of insurance cover losses from accidents as car and phone crashes(坠毁).Today ,most people have some kind of insurance. 1.Which of the following statements is not correct? A.Only a few people buy some kind of insurance . B.Benjamin Franklin helped set up the first American fire insurance company C.Many insurance companies were founded after the first insurance company D.If a man buys life insurance ,he has to pay small sums of money regularly 此题为细节判断题，此段最后一句话可得，从Today ,most people have some kind of insurance 分析，选项A与次话相违背，因此正确答案为A 。 例题２ …Armstrong won the Tour de France in 1999.Since then he has won it every year---taking the crown for the sixth time last month and entering the record books as the first man to achieve such a feat. 1. The passage was written in ______. A.1999 B.2002. C.2003 D.2004 答案为D。此题为细节判断题。根据Armstong won the Tour de France in 1999,Since then he has won it every year---taking the crown for the sixth time last month .可知，Armstong 在1999 年夺得环法自行车比赛冠军。随后每年他都成功卫冕，可知短文写于2004年。 （二）因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能导致的结果。考生要准确掌握的内涵，理解文章的真正含义，最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系，根据已有信息，进行分析、判断、推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。 例题： Mrs Turner’s telephone number was 3463;the number of the cinema in her town was 3464 .People often made a mistake and telephone her when they actually wanted the cinema .One evening the telephone bell rang and Mrs Turner answered it . A tired man’s voice came over the phone :“At what time does your last film begin ?’’ “I’m sorry ,’’said Mrs Turner , ”but you have the wrong number .This is not the cinema .’’ “Oh ,it began twenty minutes ago ,’’said the man ,“I’m sorry about that .Well ,goodbye.’’ Mrs Turner was very surprised ,so she told her husband .He laughed and said, “No , that wasn’t mistake .The man’s wife wanted to go to the cinema ,but he was feeling tired ,so he telephoned the cinema .His wife heard him ,but she didn’t hear you .Now they will stay at home this evening ,and the husband will be happy !’’ 1.When the tired man telephone Mrs Turner by mistake ,she was___and answered that it was not the cinema . A.angry B.surprised C.pleased D.not at all 2.Mrs Turner was astonished because the tired man _____. A.wanted the cinema but called a wrong number B.said something that nothing to do with her answer C.asked her a silly question which she refused to answer D.was angry with himself for having made a mistake 解析：第1题答案为D, 第2题为B。第1题实际上要求考生根据已有的信息判断可能的结果。文中提到Mrs Turner’s telephone number was 3463;the number of the cinema in her town was 3464.People often made a mistake and telephone her when they actually wanted the cinema ,Turner 家的电话号码和电影院的非常相似，打错电话的事时有发生，所以她对打错电话的事已习以为常，不足为奇。故第1题答案为D。真正使她感到惊讶的是这个疲倦的男子答非所问（“but you have the wrong number .This is not cinema.” “Oh,it began twenty minutes ago ,”said the man .“I’m sorry about that .Well,goodby.”）故第2 题答案为B。 三．人物性格、态度及观点判断题高考阅读测试中，有些是关于判断作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向以及作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题一定要注意： 1.由表及里，准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的观点。 2.特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 3.能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识识别评价。 …One mistake idea about business is that it can be treated games as a game of perfect information .Quite the reverse ,business ,politics ,and life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information .Business decision are often made with many unknown and unknowledge factors ,which would even puzzle best poker players .But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance ,and many still prefer to believe that playing chess ,not poker. 1. In the writer’s opinion ,when making business decisions ,one should___________ A. put perfect information before imperfect information B. accept the existence of unknown factors C. regard business as a game of chess D. mix known and unknown factors 此题根据作者的观点，结合文中的这句话（Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknown factors which would even puzzle best poker players.）不难看出作者给我们的忠告为“accept the existence of unknown factor ”，故正确答案为B. 四．预测想象推断题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事情可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推理。做这类题目是应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事情发展的经过描写，也可能按照因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而做出比较科学的合情合理的预测。British newspaper are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry ,so newspaperman write as few words as possible .They tell their readers at once what happened ,where, when and how many people were killed ,what damage was done and so on . …Because he can use only a few words ,the newspapers must choose those words carefully ,every one must be effective .Instead of “he called out in a loud voice ”，he writes ,“he shouted ”；instead of “the loose stones rolled noisily down the side of the mountainside ”，Because many of the readers aren’t very clever ,and most of them are in a hurry… Which of the followong would best complete the passage ? A.he will keep his writing short and simple B.he won’t care about his writing . C.he will give nothing but information . D.he won’t make his writing good enough. 答案为A。结局预测推断题。根据Because many of the readers aren’t very clever ,and most of them are in a hurry ..可知，因为读者aren’t very clever ,故新闻国家稿件宜简单易懂 (simple) ；因为大部分读者are in a hurry ,故新闻稿件应短小精悍（short）. 五．写作意图推测题 此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见，这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 Central Park Outside among the trees ,watch the wildlife ---both the human and animal varities .Call (212)360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for events and tours .Central Park stretches from 59th to 110th Sts ,and from 5th Ave. to Central Park West. Empire State building This is among the most striking building in the nation ,even the world .The observation deck on the 86th floor is open to the general public ,offering a wonderful view of the city .On the second floor you’ll find the New York Skyride ,a simulated helicopter ride over Manhattan .5th Ave. at 34th St ,Midtown (212) 736-3100. Intrepid Sea-Air-Space-Museum … What is the purpose of the these texts ? A.To provide information of living in New York . B.To provide directions of city traffic in New York C.To give visitors a guide to New York . D.To give a brief introdution to the history of New York. 答案为C。写作意图判断题。Central Park ,Empire State building ,Intrepid-Sea-Air Space Museum 等都是纽约的著名景点，对每一个景点都有简单的介绍并附有地址和电话号码，根据常识可以判断这是纽约旅游指南。 |
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